CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Language is a main idea of
communication. Without language, people cannot communicate their mind, feeling,
and desire to other people. These are coming along with the existence of human
being as social creatures that need to interact. In communication activities,
people always depend on language usage.
Language plays a significance rule in the human
life. Trudge states that language is not simply a means of communicating
information about weather of other subjects but also very important means of establishing
relationship with other (1972:13)
There are many kind of language in the world. The
most interesting one to be learned is English as it is one of the language that
has become the major international language among people from different country,
culture and linguistic background.
English is known as a universal language and
international language. H Douglass Brown (2000: 118) state that English is
increasingly being used as a tool for interaction among non-native speaker, and
over one a half of the one billion English speakers of the world learned
English as a second or foreign language.
Ramlan elaborates that without language it is hard
to imagine how people can cooperate and get along with one other (1985:3)
Literature is some matter that create by human life
with some idea and expression of the feel from the author pass through of
literature like poem, songs, novel, film and so on. Some literature that
created by human life we also can know what the point of view in literature,
not only point of view that we can know but also we can know message in
literature like morale message and so on.
A poem is a composition written in verse (although verse has been equally used for epic and
dramatic fiction). Poems rely heavily on imagery, precise word choice, and metaphor; they may take the form of measures consisting of
patterns of stresses (metric
feet) or of patterns
of different-length syllables (as in classical prosody); and they may or may not utilize rhyme. One cannot readily characterize poetry precisely. Typically though, poetry as a form of
literature makes some significant use of the formal properties of the words it
uses – the properties of the written or spoken form of the words, independent of their meaning. Meter depends on syllables and on rhythms of speech; rhyme and alliteration depend on the sounds of words.
(http//:www.wikipedia.com)
Song is a piece of music for accompanied
or unaccompanied voice or voices or, "the act or art of singing," but
the term is generally not used for large vocal forms including opera
and oratorio. However, the term is, "often found in
various figurative and transferred sense (e.g. for the lyrical second subject
of a sonata...). " The word
"song" has the same etymological root as the verb "to sing"
and the Oxford English
Dictionary (OED) defines the word to mean "that which is sung".
Meaning is the way how the poet wants to describe
something in his or her writing. They are general and the detailed meaning
(Alexander, 1963).
Song is actually one of felling expression that
created to express what the author feels. By listen a song we can feel some
message from the song, and we can know what the author wants of the song. Every
song has own different background, it is depend on the author feeling, and the
history of the song. Sometimes a song created to express love, sadness,
disappointment and some critics. Example
the songs of Linkin Park, one of popular international group band which has
many albums; their song was accepted by every people. From children, teenagers,
until adult people have known their song, such as "Somewhere I Belong",
"Breaking
the Habit",
"Faint",
and "Numb".
A psychological approach seems well
suited to criticism of prose and poetry dealing with childhood experiences.
Indeed, Whitman's "There Was a Child Went Forth" declares a view of
unfolding experience that describes the very formation of a personal psychology
and makes for appreciating the importance of shaping childhood experience
carefully so as not to "misshape" the child. For it is not only the
first object that the child looks upon that he becomes but every object and
image and emotional experience. Whitman begins with an account of the natural
world, with flora and fauna, fish and fowl, the whole of the natural
environment containing and to an extent determining the child's experience of the
world.
1.2 Problem of the
study
Based on the general background of the
study above, statement of the problem can be stated as:
What
are the meaning of psychological approach used in Linkin Park lyric songs?
1.3 Object of the study
The
objective of this study is to know the meaning of psychological approach used
in Linkin Park lyric songs.
1.4 Significance of the
study
Actually
this study aimed to enlarge the knowledge literature such as song especially
psychological; by this study the reader can know how to analyses a song by
using psychological approach. And this thesis can be used by the other
researcher who want to analyze the lyric of the song by using different
variable and manipulate different subject.
1.5 Scope and
limitation of the study
Scope of this study is
psychological approach and only limited in Linkin Park song in Meteora album (2002–2004)
1.6 Definition of the
key terms
1.
Lyric are the word or song as distinguished from the music (webtris : 1991.808)
2.
Song is Short poem or number of verses
set to music and intent to be song
(oxford : 1989 : 1219)
3.
Music is The arrangement of sounds in a pleasing sequence or combination to be
song or played on instrument.(oxford : 1995)
5.
A psychological approach seems well suited to criticism of prose and poetry
dealing with the author experiences.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF THE
RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Language
Language
is vested in culture and the origin of spoken
language is as old as humanity itself. We could well imagine people from
the distant past living in families with a particular spoken tongue clustering
together to form a clan. Geographically together in security and subsistence
they would harmonize as a culture, protecting it with all their power to
survive in a world as it was known to them and not very much different from the
same principles philosophized today.
Language is not an
abstract construction of the learned, or of dictionary makers, but is something
arising out of the work, needs, ties, joys, affections, tastes, of long
generations of humanity, and has its bases broad and low, close to the
ground." (Walt Whitman)
A
language can be compared to a
sheet of paper. Thought is one side of the sheet and sound the reverse side.
Just as it is impossible to take a pair of scissors and cut one side of the
paper without at the same time cutting the other, so it is impossible in a
language to isolate sound from thought, or thought from sound." (French
linguist Ferdinand de Saussure)
2.2 Literature
Literature
is literally "acquaintance with letters” as in the first sense given in
the Oxford English Dictionary (from the Latin littera meaning "an
individual written character (letter)"). The term has generally come to
identify a collection of textsor work of art, which in Western culture are
mainly prose, both fiction and non-fiction, drama and poetry. In much, if not
all of the world, texts can beoral as well, and include such genres as epic,
legend, myth, ballad, plus other forms oforal poetry, and the folktale.
More
generally, one can equate a literature with a collection of stories, poems, and
plays that revolve around a particular topic. In this case, the stories, poems
and plays may or may not have nationalistic implications. The Western Canon
forms one such literature.
The
term "literature" has different meanings depending on who is using it
and in what context. It could be applied broadly to mean any symbolic record,
encompassing everything from images and sculptures to letters. In a more narrow
sense the term could mean only text composed of letters, or other examples of
symbolic written language (Egyptian hieroglyphs, for example). An even more
narrow interpretation is that text has a physical form, such as on paper or
some other portable form, to the exclusion of inscriptions or digital media.
Furthermore, people may perceive a
difference between "literature" and some popular forms of written
work. The terms "literary fiction" and "literary merit"
often serve to distinguish between individual works. For example, almost all
literate people perceive the works of Charles Dickens as
"literature", whereas some critics[citation needed] look down on the
works of Jeffrey Archer as unworthy of inclusion under the general heading of
"English literature". Critics may exclude works from the
classification "literature", for example, on the grounds of a poor
standard of grammar and syntax, of an unbelievable or disjointed story-line, or
of inconsistent or unconvincing characters. Genre fiction (for example:
romance, crime, or science fiction) may also become excluded from consideration
as "literature".
2.2.1 Poetry
Poetry is an imaginative awareness of
experience expressed through meaning, sound, and rhythmic language choices so
as to evoke an emotional response. Poetry has been known to employ meter and
rhyme, but this is by no means necessary. Poetry is an ancient form that has
gone through numerous and drastic reinvention over time. The very nature of
poetry as an authentic and individual mode of expression makes it nearly
impossible to define (Mark Flanagan).
Poetry is the art of apprehending and
interpreting ideas by the faculty of imagination; the art of idealizing in
thought and in expression. Imaginative language or composition, whether
expressed rhythmically or in prose. Specifically: Metrical composition; verse;
rhyme; poems collectively; as, heroic poetry; dramatic poetry; lyric or
Pindaric poetry.
2.2.2 Song
In
music,
a song is a composition
for voice
or voices, performed by singing.
A song may be accompanied by musical instruments,
or it may be unaccompanied, as in the case of a cappella
songs. The lyrics (words) of songs are typically of a poetic,
rhyming
nature, though they may be religious verses
or free prose.
A
song may be for a solo singer,
a duet,
trio,
or larger ensemble involving more voices.
Songs with more than one voice to a part are considered choral
works. Songs can be broadly divided into many different forms, depending on the
criteria used. One division is between "art songs",
"pop songs",
and "folk songs".
Other common methods of classification
are by purpose (sacred
vs secular),
by style
(dance,
ballad,
Lied,
etc.), or by time of origin (Renaissance,
Contemporary,
etc.).
A
song is a piece of music for accompanied or unaccompanied voice or voices or,
"the act or art of singing," but the term is generally not used for
large vocal forms including opera
and oratorio.
However, the term is, "often found in various figurative and transferred
sense (e.g. for the lyrical second subject of a sonata...)." The word
"song" has the same etymological root as the verb "to sing"
and the Oxford English
Dictionary (OED) defines
the word to mean "that which is sung". (wikipedia.com)
2.2.3 Lyric
Lyrics (in
singular form lyric) are a set of words that make up a song. The writer of lyrics is
a lyricist or lyrist. The meaning of lyrics
can either be explicit or implicit. Some lyrics are abstract, almost
unintelligible, and, in such cases, their explication emphasizes form, articulation, meter, and symmetry of expression. The
lyricist of traditional musical forms such as Opera is known as a librettist.
The word lyric
came to be used for the "words of a song"; this meaning was recorded
in 1876. The common plural (perhaps because of the association between the
plurals lyrics and words), predominates contemporary usage. Use of the singular
form lyric to refer to a song's complete set of words is grammatically
acceptable. However it's not considered acceptable to refer to a sing The
differences between poem and song may become less meaningful where verse is set to music, to the point that any
distinction becomes untenable. This is perhaps recognized in the way popular
songs have lyrics.
However, the
verse may pre-date its tune (in the way that "Rule Britannia" was set to music,
and "And did those feet in ancient time" has become the hymn
"Jerusalem"), or the tune may be lost over time but the words
survive, matched by a number of different tunes (this is particularly common
with hymns and ballads).
Possible
classifications proliferate (under anthem, ballad, blues, carol, folk song, hymn, libretto, lied, lullaby, march, praise song, round, spiritual). Nursery rhymes may be songs, or doggerel: the term doesn't imply a
distinction. The ghazi is a sung form that is
considered primarily poetic. See also rapping, roots
of hip hop music.
Analogously, verse drama might normally be judged
(at its best) as poetry, but not consisting of
poems (see dramatic
verse).(http//:www.wikipedia.com)
2.3 Psychological
Approach
A psychological approach seems well
suited to criticism of prose and poetry dealing with childhood experiences.
Indeed, Whitman's "There Was a Child Went Forth" declares a view of
unfolding experience that describes the very formation of a personal psychology
and makes for appreciating the importance of shaping childhood experience
carefully so as not to "misshape" the child. For it is not only the
first object that the child looks upon that he becomes but every object and
image and emotional experience. Whitman begins with an account of the natural
world, with flora and fauna, fish and fowl, the whole of the natural
environment containing and to an extent determining the child's experience of
the world.
In
addition to the relatively innocuous natural environment, the child encounters
other human beings, and his perceptions of their natures and difference color
his world view as well. Not every personal encounter is innocuous, of course,
and as the poem progresses the images begin almost to tumble and encroach on
one another. What begins with a reference to "early lilacs" (5) as a
simple, deceptively and sentimental lyric of innocent childhood gradually develops
into an increasingly busy array of image and sound: "Men and women
crowding fast in the streets, if they are not flashes and specks what are they?
/ The streets themselves and the facades of houses, and goods in the windows, /
Vehicles, teams the heavy-planked wharves, the huge crossings at the
ferries" (30-32). L
2.3.1 Linkin Park
Linkin Park is an American rock
band from Agoura Hills,
California. Formed in 1996, the band rose to international fame with their
debut album, Hybrid
Theory, which was certified Diamond
by the RIAA
in 2005 and multi-platinum
in several other countries Its following studio album, Meteora,
continued the band's success, topping the Billboard 200 album chart in 2003, and was followed by extensive
touring and charity work around the world. In 2003, MTV2 named Linkin Park the sixth greatest band of the
music video era and the third best of the new millennium behind Oasis and Coldplay. Billboard
ranked Linkin Park #19 on the Best Artists of the Decade chart.
Having
adapted the nu metal
and rap metal
genres to a radio-friendly yet densely layered style in Hybrid Theory and Meteora,
the band explored other genres in their next studio album, Minutes to Midnight, which was
released in 2007. The album topped the Billboard charts and had the third best debut week of any album
that year. The band has collaborated with several other artists, most notably
with rapper Jay-Z in their mashup EP Collision
Course, and many others included on Reanimation.
The band's most recent work, the concept
album A Thousand Suns,
was released on September 8, 2010. Linkin Park has sold over 50 million albums
worldwide and has won two Grammy Awards.
(wikipedia.com)
Linkin
Park is a music band well known for its natural mixing of different music
styles that is far different from the music nowadays bands would like to offer.
This phenomenon makes this band a "hybrid" in the type of music they
play and their fan-base too. Linkin Park began its early origin in 1996 when
rapper guitarist, Brad Delson and the MC/vocalist, Mike Shinoda started a band
called Xero. Both of them had attended high school together, where they met the
band's drummer, Rob Bourdon. Later on Shinoda hooked up with DJ Joseph Hahn
while studying illustration at Art Center College in Pasadena, where as Delson,
who was attending UCLA, shared an apartment with bassist Phoenix, who left the
band after college and returned a year later. To be the last member of the
group was Mark Wakefield, the band's vocalist.
At
the beginning of the group career, Xero released a four track demo tape, which
includes Fuse, Stick N' Move, Rhinestone, and Reading My Eyes. Soon after Mark
Wakefield left the band, the other members agreed to change their name to
Hybrid Theory, after which Phoenix also decided to leave the band to tour with
another band called ...
the
Snax. As the two persons left, the rest of the band continued to play together
primarily for fun. Later they signed with Zomba Music, an occasion that
fortunately came about when they played at The Whiskey Club in Los Angeles. And
the time came for the vocalist Chester Benninton, who had made records since
his 16 year age and whose pitch notes was "great," to complete the
empty seat on the band. Replacing Mark Wakefield, the combination of
Bennington's singing talent with Shinoda MC-ing talent has helped to define
Linkin Park's distinct vocal quality that weaving influences as diverse as
Deftones, Nine Inch Nails, Aphex Twin, and The Roots into a unified whole.
That's the way Linkin Park "want everything to come together without
feeling forced," explains Shinoda.
Bennington's
arrival, as expected, had helped rocketing the band to success, as in the year
of 1999, "Carousel, And One, Technique, Step up, High Voltage, and Part of
me" were born as a six track EP to tremendous applause. Became famous than
ever, the band members came to some legal wrangling made it necessary to change
the band's name, and based on their "hybrid' spirit, Linkin Park was
chosen. Soon afterward.
2.3.2 Meteora (2002–2004)
Following
the success of Hybrid Theory and Reanimation, Linkin Park spent a
significant amount of time touring around the United States. The band members
began to work on new material amidst its saturated schedule, spending a sliver
of their free time in their tour bus' studio. The band officially announced the
production of a new studio album in December 2002, revealing its new work was
inspired by the rocky region of Meteora
in Greece, where numerous monasteries
have been built on top of the rocks. Meteora
features a mixture of the band's previous nu metal
and rapcore
styles with newer innovative effects, including the induction of a shakuhachi
(a Japanese
flute made of bamboo) and other instruments. Linkin Park's second album debuted
on March 25, 2003 and instantly earned worldwide recognition, going to No.1 in
the US and UK, and No.2 in Australia.
Meteora
sold more than 800,000 copies during its first week, and it ranked as the best
selling album on the Billboard charts
at the time. The album's singles, including "Somewhere I Belong",
"Breaking the Habit",
"Faint",
and "Numb",
received significant radio attention. By October 2003, Meteora sold
nearly three million copies. The album's success allowed Linkin Park to form
another Projekt Revolution,
which featured other bands and artists including, Mudvayne,
Blindside,
and Xzibit.
Additionally, Metallica
invited Linkin Park to play at the Summer Sanitarium Tour 2003, which included
well-known acts such as Limp Bizkit,
Mudvayne and Deftones.
The band released an album and DVD, entitled Live in Texas,
which consisted of audio and video tracks of some of the band's performances in
Texas during the tour. In early 2004, Linkin Park started a world tour titled
the Meteora World Tour. Supporting bands on the tour included Hoobastank,
P.O.D.
and Story of the Year.
Meteora
earned the band multiple awards and honors. The band won the MTV awards for
Best Rock Video for "Somewhere I Belong" and the Viewer's Choice
Award for "Breaking the Habit". Linkin Park also received significant
recognition during the 2004 Radio Music Awards,
winning the Artist of the Year and Song of the Year ("Numb") awards.
Although Meteora was not nearly as successful as Hybrid Theory,
it was the third best selling album in the United States during 2003. The band
spent the first few months of 2004 touring around the world, first with the
third Project Revolution tour, and later several European concerts.
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOD
3.1 Research Design
In this study, the researcher used
descriptive qualitative method because he want to describe ant to interpret the
subject being analyzed. According to Ary (1972, 322), descriptive qualitative
research was designed to abstain information concerning with the current status
of phenomena. “these studies were directed toward determining the nature of
situation as it exist at the time of study” in this case, the researcher of the
thesis want to know the meaning of psychological approach used in Linkin Park
lyric songs in meteora album.
3.2 Data Source
The
writer getting the data from the internet he finds the lyric and the song of
meteora album which released 2002-2004.
3.3 Research Instrument
The research used the design descriptive method, the instrument of the
study is the writer himself. The prominent of this research is the format of mp 3 in the mobile phone so the
writer listen the music with headset, that are as a instrument the writer used
lyric text that the find in internet
3.4 Data Collection
There
are some steps in data collecting that is finding of the meaning of song from
psychological approach from the author.
1. Searching
the songs of meteora album from internet
2. Searching
the lyrics of the songs of meteora album from internet
3.
After he got the lyrics and the songs of
the meteora album. The writer listens to the songs while reads the lyric and
then he sings following the music, it happens again and again until the writer
get the message and the meaning of these songs.
3.5 Data Analysis
In this data analysis the writer will analysis these
songs with psychological approach. And the writer will find the meaning of
these songs, because of that, we can know what the creator of the songs want,
and what the creator felt when he was creating these songs. By using
psychological approach, the researcher want to analyze the creator of the song
felt when he was creating these songs, by reading and listening the lyrics and
the songs.
3.5.1 Display of the
song
“Somewhere
I Belong”
(When
this begun)
I
had nothing to say
And
I get lost in the nothingness inside of me
(I
was confused)
And
I let it all out to find
That
I’m not the only persons with these things in mind
(Inside
of me)
But
all that they can see the words revealed
Is
the only real thing that I’ve got left to feel
(Nothing
to lose)
Just
stock, hollow and alone
And
the fault is my own, and the fault is my own
[Chorus]
I
wanna heal, I wanna feel what I thought
was never real
I
wanna let go of the pain I’ve felt so long
(Erase
all the pain till it’s gone)
I
wanna heal, I wanna feel like I’m close to something real
I
wanna find something I’ve wanted all along
Somewhere
I belong
And
I’ve got nothing to say
I
can’t believe I didn’t fall right down on my face
(I
was confused)
Looking
everywhere only to find
That
it’s not the way that I had imagined it all
In
my mind
(so
what am I)
What
do I have but negativity
Cause
I can’t justify the way, everyone is
Looking
at me
(Nothing
to lose)
Nothing
to gain, hollow and alone
And
the fault is my own
And
the fault is my own
[Repeat
chorus]
I
will never know myself until I do this on my own
And
I will never feel anything else, until
My
wounds are healed
I
will never be anything till I break away from me
I
will break away, I’ll find myself today
REFERENCES
1.
http//:www.wikipedia.com
3. http//:www.Chordfreenzy.com
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